The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced April 1 and 2 that these mark the first known cases of HPAI in cattle in Idaho and New Mexico, and add to the two detections in Texas and two in Kansas that were announced on March 25.
To date, the USDA has confirmed the detection of HPAI in seven dairy herds in Texas, two in Kansas, and one each in Idaho, Michigan, and New Mexico. The National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) is currently performing confirmatory tests on presumptive positive results from Kansas, New Mexico, Ohio, and Texas. While these samples are from cattle with at least some clinical signs in common with other cattle diagnosed with HPAI, the USDA says the presence of HPAI should not be considered confirmed until the NVSL analysis is complete.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has confirmed the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza in herds in five states: Texas (7), Kansas (2), Idaho (1), Michigan (1), and New Mexico (1). In addition, presumptive positive test results for herds in Kansas, New Mexico, Ohio, and Texas are still pending analysis at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The NVSL has also confirmed that the H5N1 strain of the virus found in subsequent states is very similar to the strain originally confirmed in cattle in Texas and Kansas that appears to have been introduced by wild birds.
The Michigan dairy herd had recently received cows from Texas, according to the USDA.
And the Idaho State Department of Agriculture announced March 28 that it had identified its first cases of HPAI in a Cassia County dairy cattle operation. The affected facility recently imported cattle from another state that had previously identified cases of HPAI in cattle.
In New Mexico, the Alamogordo Daily News reported earlier that there have been cases of HPAI infection in cattle in Curry County, citing a statement from U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich’s office.
Human case of HPAI
Additionally, HPAI infection has been confirmed in one person with known exposure to Texas dairy cattle presumed to be infected with the virus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced April 1. Eye redness—consistent with conjunctivitis—is their only symptom. The patient was told to isolate and is receiving an antiviral for flu.
This is the second person reported to have tested positive for influenza A (H5N1) viruses in the United States, the CDC said. A previous human case occurred in 2022 in Colorado. Human infections with avian influenza A viruses, including A (H5N1) viruses, are uncommon but have occurred sporadically worldwide.
The agency has been monitoring for illness among people exposed to H5 virus-infected birds since outbreaks were first detected in U.S. wild birds and poultry in late 2021. Human illnesses with H5N1 bird flu have ranged from mild, such as eye infection and upper respiratory symptoms, to severe illness, such as pneumonia, that have resulted in death in other countries.
The CDC also stated in its announcement that this infection does not change the health risk assessment for the U.S. general public, which CDC considers to be low. However, people with close or prolonged, unprotected exposures to infected birds or other animals, or to environments contaminated by infected birds or other animals are at greater risk of infection. The CDC has interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations of HPAI viruses.
Several strains of the HPAI virus have been spreading among wild birds, commercial poultry, and a growing number of mammals in the United States since January 2022 in what is being described as the largest epizootic of HPAI in the nation’s history.
Initial testing by the USDA’s NVSL has not found changes to HPAI virus that would make it more transmissible to humans. Spread of clinical signs among the Michigan herd indicates that HPAI transmission between cattle cannot be ruled out, the announcement said.
Common clinical signs in affected cows have been reduced milk production and low appetite. Affected animals have recovered after isolation with little to no associated mortality reported, according to the USDA. Veterinarians and producers are urged to practice good biosecurity, minimize animal movements, test animals before necessary movements, and isolate sick cattle.
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Categories: Ohio, Livestock, Dairy Cattle