By Andi Anderson
Adding value to calves before marketing remains one of the biggest challenges for small and medium-sized cow-calf operations. Many producers often question whether preconditioning programs are worth the additional time, cost, and effort. However, results from advanced preconditioning programs suggest that proper management can significantly increase calf value and profitability.
According to Kevin Laurent, Extension Specialist, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, the Advanced Post-Weaning Value Added Program (PVAP) was introduced in 2023 to measure the economic benefits of weaning and preconditioning calves before sale. Unlike earlier versions aimed at less experienced producers, this program focused on operations already familiar with preconditioning practices.
The program evaluates the difference between a calf's value at weaning and its value after completing at least a 60-day preconditioning period. Participants record all expenses related to feed, health treatments, and other management costs. The collected information helps determine whether preconditioning generates additional profit compared to selling calves directly at weaning.
Results from the program have shown encouraging outcomes. Since its launch, data from more than 2,600 calves have been analyzed. On average, producers kept calves for about 79 days after weaning. During this period, calves gained roughly 185 pounds per head, supported by effective feeding and management practices.
Even after accounting for feed, health, and interest costs, producers achieved a substantial increase in value per calf compared to selling immediately after weaning. The findings highlight how additional weight gain can contribute significantly to overall profitability.
Three major factors influence the success of a preconditioning enterprise. These include market price changes between weaning and sale, weight gain during the feeding period, and the premium price received for preconditioned calves. Among these factors, weight gain is the area where producers have the greatest control through proper feeding and management.
Marketing methods also play an important role. Preconditioned calves often receive premiums above standard market prices. Operations with recognized and trusted genetics frequently achieve even greater premiums, demonstrating the importance of reputation and consistent quality in livestock marketing.
A survey of experienced participants also revealed several successful management practices. Many producers used fence-line weaning, introduced feed before weaning, castrated calves at an early age, and incorporated growth-promoting and feed-efficiency tools into their programs. These strategies contributed to strong calf performance and health.
Health outcomes during the post-weaning period were particularly impressive. The survey reported extremely low sickness and mortality rates, indicating that careful management and well-designed preconditioning programs can support healthier calves.
Beyond improving profitability, the program has created opportunities for producers and extension educators to share knowledge and learn from one another. The collected data has provided valuable insights into the management and marketing practices that help maximize the value of feeder calves.
Photo Credit: istock-dusanpetkovic
Categories: Ohio, Livestock