By Andi Anderson
As autumn arrives, livestock producers should begin evaluating the amount of forage and feed available for the upcoming winter months. A forage inventory is an important management tool that helps farmers understand their feed resources, identify potential shortages, and make informed decisions before winter feeding begins.
According to Brett Kinzel, Ohio State University Extension Educator, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Coshocton County, successful grazing management depends on measuring available resources rather than relying on visual estimates alone. Just as crop producers monitor grain inventories, livestock producers should regularly assess forage supplies to ensure adequate feed is available throughout the colder months.
The first step in a forage inventory is measuring pasture growth. Producers can estimate forage availability by checking pasture height using grazing sticks, pasture rulers, or other forage measurement tools. These measurements provide a more accurate estimate of available dry matter than simple observation. Stockpiled pastures, particularly those containing tall fescue and other cool-season grasses, should receive special attention because they may provide valuable grazing opportunities during late fall and winter.
The second step involves calculating livestock feed demand. Cattle typically consume about 2.5% to 3% of their body weight in dry matter each day. By estimating feed requirements for different groups of animals, producers can better understand how long existing forage supplies will last. Nutritional needs may vary among mature cows, replacement heifers, calves, and bulls, making proper planning essential.
The third step is comparing forage supply with livestock demand while also evaluating stored feed inventories. Producers should count hay bales, estimate bale weights, and calculate the amount of feed available. In many cases, actual feed supplies may differ from earlier estimates. If a feed shortage appears likely, producers still have time to explore options such as grazing crop residues, utilizing cover crops, purchasing hay, or adjusting herd numbers before winter conditions increase costs.
Feed quality should also be considered. Testing forage for protein and energy levels can help producers develop efficient feeding programs and avoid unnecessary supplementation expenses. A forage analysis often provides valuable information that supports better feeding decisions.
The final step is creating a management plan. Extending the grazing season can reduce dependence on stored feed and lower production costs. However, achieving these benefits requires careful grazing management and protection against overgrazing.
A well-planned forage inventory provides producers with a clearer understanding of available resources and future needs. Measuring pasture growth, calculating animal requirements, evaluating stored feed, and developing a feeding strategy can help ensure adequate forage supplies throughout the winter. By taking these steps early, farmers can avoid emergency feed situations, improve efficiency, and support the health and productivity of their livestock operations.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-ianchrisgraham
Categories: Ohio, Sustainable Agriculture