By Andi Anderson
Severe flooding can create major challenges for livestock producers, especially when stored forage supplies are affected. While protecting homes, livestock, and infrastructure is often the first priority during a flood, stored feed should not be overlooked. Floodwater can damage hay, baleage, and silage, reducing feed quality and creating potential risks for animal health.
According to Dean Kreager, Licking County Agriculture and Natural Resources Educator, excessive rainfall and flooding can cause significant damage to forage supplies. Even bales that appear unaffected may have absorbed water if they were located near low-lying areas, drainage ditches, or flood-prone buildings.
Flooding Can Damage Feed Quality
When floodwater enters storage areas, dry hay can become saturated and begin developing mold. Mold growth may occur throughout the bale and can reduce forage quality. In some cases, molds may produce toxins that can negatively affect livestock. Even when toxins are not present, moldy forage can still contribute to respiratory problems and reduced feed intake.
Floodwater may also introduce mud, manure, chemicals, fuels, and other contaminants into stored feed. These contaminants can create health concerns for livestock and reduce the overall value of the forage.
Heating Increases Fire Risk
One often overlooked concern is bale heating. Just as excessively wet hay can generate heat after baling, flood-soaked bales can also begin heating internally. As temperatures rise, the risk of fire increases.
Producers should monitor bale temperatures closely. If temperatures approach 150 degrees Fahrenheit, immediate action may be necessary. Moving affected bales away from buildings can help reduce the risk of fire and protect farm structures.
Wrapped Forages Also at Risk
Flood damage is not limited to dry hay. Wrapped forage, baleage, bunkers, and silage bags can also be affected. Water entering damaged plastic wraps or storage systems can interfere with proper fermentation and lead to spoilage.
Excess moisture may create conditions that reduce feed quality and increase losses. Regular inspection of wrapped forage and storage structures is essential following flood events.
Evaluate And Monitor Feed Supplies
Farmers should carefully examine stored forage after flooding. Signs of damage include mud deposits, mold growth, damaged coverings, unusual odors, excessive moisture, and elevated temperatures.
Testing forage for toxins may also be a worthwhile investment when contamination is suspected. Early detection of problems allows producers time to locate replacement feed sources or harvest additional forage if needed.
Managing Damaged Forage
Although contaminated forage may no longer be suitable for feeding livestock, it can still provide value as a nutrient source. Damaged hay can be spread on pastures or composted to recycle nutrients and organic matter. However, livestock should not have access to moldy forage, and disposal methods should avoid contaminating waterways.
Following a flood, producers should also document all feed losses and damage. These records may help support insurance claims, disaster assistance applications, or potential tax benefits.
Regular inspections and careful monitoring can help farmers protect livestock health, reduce economic losses, and ensure safe feed supplies after flood events.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-jj-gouin
Categories: Ohio, Livestock