Bottle Feeding Basics for Healthy Small Ruminant Growth

By Andi Anderson

Raising newborn lambs and kids requires careful attention because their early months shape their long-term health. Farmers must use reliable information and consult a veterinarian to understand what works best for their situation.

One of the most important needs for newborn small ruminants is colostrum. This thick, golden first milk provides antibodies that the baby can absorb only during the first 24 hours of life. Ideally, colostrum should be given within the first 4 hours to help build strong immunity.

If the dam’s colostrum is not available, farmers can use colostrum from another doe or ewe, preferably from the same farm. Frozen colostrum can be safely warmed in a warm water bath, but it should never be microwaved or overheated. Colostrum replacers can be used as a last option, but supplements should not be used alone because they do not contain enough antibodies.

After the first couple of days, milk from the dam is best. Frozen milk from other animals in the herd is the next best option. Milk replacer is another choice, but it must be mixed carefully because errors in water temperature or mixing ratios can harm the animal. Whole cow’s milk may be used but lacks proper fat levels for small ruminants, especially lambs. Condensed goat milk is a closer substitute but more expensive.

Choosing safe feeding tools is important. Pritchard teats are commonly used but must be trimmed carefully to avoid fast flow. Human baby bottle nipples may also work. Feeding racks and bucket feeders allow multiple animals to eat at once, but pan feeding should be avoided because it can interfere with digestion.

Cleanliness is necessary for all bottles, nipples, and mixing utensils. Equipment should be washed, sanitized, and fully dried after each use. Newborns should be fed colostrum every two hours on day one and gradually reduced to three meals per day after four weeks. They should eat 15–20% of their body weight in milk daily.

At two weeks, solid feed can be introduced, and by two months, most animals are ready for weaning once they reach proper size and are eating well.

Photo Credit: istock-simplycreativephotography