By Andi Anderson
Corn silage harvest is one of the most important times of the year for dairy and beef farms. The quality of silage harvested in this short window plays a big role in livestock performance and overall farm success in the following year.
With drier weather, farmers face reduced risk of soil compaction during harvest, which is a major advantage. However, it also brings challenges such as harvesting at the correct moisture and staying alert to the risk of nitrate toxicity.
Nitrates accumulate in corn plants whenever growth slows due to stress, including drought or sudden cold. These nitrates are stored in the lower stalk. The greatest risk comes after a soaking rain, when plants quickly resume growth and move nitrates upward. If silage is harvested at this time, it may contain higher nitrate levels that can harm livestock if not managed carefully.
Fortunately, farmers can take practical steps to minimize risks. One effective approach is raising the cutting height during harvest to avoid the stalk sections with the highest nitrate concentration. Another critical step is allowing silage to ferment for at least 21 days. During fermentation, nitrates naturally break down into ammonia, making the feed safer for cattle. Research shows that nitrate levels generally decline during this process, reducing the risk of toxicity.
Farmers are also encouraged to test silage when nitrate levels are suspected to be high, especially during or after drought conditions. While no widespread nitrate issues have been reported recently, the risk remains whenever weather stress impacts plant growth.
Corn silage harvest is a balancing act between timing and safety. By carefully managing harvest moisture and nitrate levels, farmers can protect their herds and ensure high-quality feed for the year ahead.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-jevtic
Categories: Ohio, Crops, Corn, Livestock, Beef Cattle