By Andi Anderson
Frost seeding is a simple and affordable pasture improvement practice that many livestock producers can use to strengthen forage stands.
By adding legumes to existing pastures, farmers can increase nitrogen fixation, improve forage quality, and support healthier soils without major equipment or input costs.
February is generally considered the best time for frost seeding in much of the Midwest, including Ohio.
The practice works best when seed is spread during periods of repeated freezing and thawing. These natural freeze thaw cycles allow seed to work its way into the soil, improving seed to soil contact and increasing the chance of successful germination in early spring.
Legumes are the most common plants used in frost seeding. Clover species are widely recommended because they establish well under frost seeding conditions and provide reliable nitrogen fixation.
Red clover and white clover are popular choices due to their adaptability and ease of establishment. Birdsfoot trefoil is another legume option that can be frost seeded, although it may require more careful management to establish successfully.
Proper timing is critical for success. Seeding too early can expose seed to unnecessary weather risks, while seeding too late may miss the freeze thaw action needed for good soil contact. February typically offers the best balance between cold conditions and upcoming spring growth.
Before frost seeding, producers should evaluate pasture conditions. Frost seeding works best in pastures with thin stands, exposed soil, or reduced competition from grasses.
Grazing or mowing pastures short in late fall or early winter can help reduce residue and improve seed contact with the soil surface.
Seeding rates should follow general forage recommendations for each species. Using clean, high-quality seeds and evenly spreading them across the pasture are important steps. Specialized equipment is not required, as many producers use broadcast spreaders or seeders already available on the farm.
Frost seeding is widely promoted through Extension education programs, including guidance from Ohio State University Extension. Extension specialists emphasize that frost seeding is not a replacement for full pasture renovation but is an effective tool for gradual improvement.
When done correctly, frost seeding can reduce fertilizer costs, increase pasture productivity, and support long term soil health. By taking advantage of winter conditions, farmers can prepare their pastures for stronger growth in the coming grazing season.
Photo Credit: soybeans-for-forage
Categories: Ohio, General