By Andi Anderson
As winter begins to fade and temperatures slowly rise, many farmers are eager to see green grass returning to their fields. Although early spring growth can be encouraging, it is important to remember that this first flush of color does not mean pastures are ready for grazing.
Each year is different, and current conditions in many areas suggest a drier trend, making careful management even more important.
Cool-season forages begin growing when soil temperatures reach the upper 30s and 40s. Once soils consistently approach 50 degrees, growth increases more quickly.
However, new spring growth relies heavily on stored root reserves. Grazing too early removes the first leaves, which are essential for photosynthesis and root development. Shallow roots created by early grazing can lead to stress later in the season, especially during dry spells.
March is also a key time for frost-seeding clover. Freeze-thaw cycles help small clover seeds make contact with the soil, improving establishment. Maintaining legumes like clover enhances forage quality and reduces reliance on commercial nitrogen.
Even when clover is already present, frost‑seeding can help maintain healthy levels, especially for species like red clover that naturally thin after a few years. Using inoculated seed is recommended to ensure effective nitrogen fixation.
Livestock nutrition also deserves attention before the grazing season begins. Cattle should receive high-magnesium mineral supplements before turnout to help prevent grass tetany, a condition most common when livestock graze lush, fast-growing spring pastures that are high in potassium and nitrogen but low in available magnesium.
Older, lactating cows face the greatest risk. Providing magnesium two to four weeks before turnout is an important preventative step.
Soil fertility also influences grass tetany risk. When soil potassium levels are much higher than magnesium, plants can absorb excess potassium, which interferes with magnesium uptake in animals.
Farmers should avoid applying large amounts of potash at once, especially on low CEC soils, as it can temporarily increase forage potassium levels and raise tetany risk.
Patience remains essential in early spring. Delaying grazing until soils are firm and forage is mature protects root systems, soil health, and productivity for the entire season.
Fields with adequate winter cover will respond faster, hold more moisture, and stay productive longer into the summer. The goal is not to maximize early grazing but to ensure a healthy, resilient grazing season overall.
Photo Credit: soybeans-for-forage
Categories: Ohio, Livestock