How to build resistance in forage crops

By Andi Anderson

Forage production relies on stability, but with increasing challenges like extreme weather, it’s essential to focus on boosting resistance and resilience. Resistance refers to how much a disturbance affects production, while resilience is the ability to recover quickly. To maintain stable production during tough conditions, strategies to enhance both resistance and resilience are key.

One important approach is increasing plant diversity. Diverse plant communities can better handle disruptions because different species may tolerate various stresses. For example, cool-season grasses (C3) thrive in cooler months, while warm-season grasses (C4) are more productive in hot, dry conditions. A mix of plant types not only strengthens resilience but also ensures a steady forage supply throughout the year. However, adding new species to a field can be tricky as fields often become dominated by a few species. A gradual approach, such as testing C4 grasses in a less-productive field, can help increase diversity without overwhelming the system.

Another strategy is optimizing harvest and grazing management. The frequency and intensity of grazing affect forage recovery. Cutting grass too low may provide more immediate yield but can lead to reduced ground cover and increased weed growth. Gentle defoliation allows plants to recover faster through photosynthesis. Rotational grazing, where livestock are spread evenly, improves growth and prevents uneven grazing, which boosts efficiency.

Soil health is also crucial for resilience. Ensuring proper soil pH, nutrients, and organic matter promotes healthier forage production. Maintaining optimal soil fertility helps perennial grasses thrive and suppresses weeds, which can otherwise hinder growth.

Overall, adapting to new challenges requires a focus on resilience. Small changes, such as improving plant diversity, adjusting grazing practices, and maintaining soil fertility, can make a significant difference in the long run. For guidance, OSU Extension offers valuable resources for farmers looking to enhance their forage systems and prepare for extreme weather events.

Photo Credit: ohio-state-university