By Andi Anderson
Ohio is experiencing one of its worst droughts, with over 60% of the state in severe conditions. Reduced soil water capacity poses challenges for crops and weeds, affecting production next year.
How Weeds Adapt to Drought
Research shows that weeds produce fewer seeds under drought stress, with seed production dropping 50% under moderate water stress and 88% under severe drought. Weed growth is similarly affected, with plant height, leaf area, and biomass reducing by up to 44% during water shortages. Despite challenges, weeds adapt by growing deeper roots to access water.
Strategies to Manage Drought
Farmers can mitigate drought impacts through several strategies:
Reduce Tillage: Tillage reduces soil moisture. No-till farming conserves 18-35% more moisture by minimizing evaporation.
Utilize Cover Crops: Cover crops preserve soil moisture, increase organic matter, and improve soil water retention. Killing cover crops early in spring optimizes moisture for summer crops.
Address Soil Compaction: Deep-rooted cover crops like radish and cereal rye break compacted soil, improving water penetration and root access.
Additional Tips for Crop Success
Farmers should plant early-maturing or drought-tolerant crop varieties to avoid peak summer dryness. Early planting encourages root growth before hot weather sets in. Minimizing soil compaction and scouting for weeds also help optimize water availability.
Herbicide Use and Irrigation
Weeds under drought stress absorb herbicides less effectively. Applying herbicides early or after rain ensures better results. Investing in irrigation and hoping for wetter winters can further improve crop yields in dry conditions.
By adopting these practices, farmers can navigate drought challenges, ensuring crop resilience and improved productivity.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-zoomtravels
Categories: Ohio, Sustainable Agriculture