Ohio Wetlands Show Success in Reducing Farm Nutrient Runoff

By Andi Anderson

A new report from Ohio’s H2Ohio Wetland Monitoring Program shows that constructed wetlands across the state are effectively trapping farm nutrients before they reach Lake Erie.

The report highlights the success of wetlands in capturing phosphorus and nitrogen—two key contributors to toxic algal blooms—validating millions of dollars invested since the program began in 2019.

Researchers studied 10 restored wetlands of varying sizes and designs. All retained more nutrients than they released, proving their effectiveness in protecting nearby water bodies.

According to lead scientist Lauren Kinsman-Costello from Kent State University, wetlands built on former farmland are particularly successful in converting nutrient-emitting areas into nutrient sinks.

She explained that even small wetlands can make a big difference when located strategically near water channels. “If it’s in the right place and has the right features, it can really punch above its weight,” Kinsman-Costello said.

The study also explored the role of native plants in nutrient absorption. Early findings suggest that some native species can capture nutrients as efficiently as invasive plants like cattails. This could help future wetland projects balance biodiversity with water quality benefits.

Researchers are also examining how wetlands perform under different weather conditions, such as droughts or heavy rains, and how plant roots influence nutrient storage. These findings will guide future wetland designs to ensure long-term effectiveness.

However, the report also warns that funding for H2Ohio wetlands has been cut from $46.6 million to $21.2 million, threatening ongoing research and monitoring. Despite this, scientists remain hopeful and are seeking new funding sources to continue their work.

The H2Ohio wetlands initiative continues to serve as a national model for nutrient management and environmental restoration, offering hope for cleaner water and healthier ecosystems across the region.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-shotbydave