By Jamie Martin
Scientists have discovered that wheat plants can help manage nitrogen in the soil through natural biological processes. The roots release chemical compounds that slow the activity of certain soil microbes, reducing nitrogen loss and improving nutrient efficiency.
Nitrogen fertilizers are widely used in agriculture, but a large portion is lost before crops can absorb it. This leads to higher costs for farmers and contributes to environmental concerns such as water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Current solutions often involve synthetic chemicals, which require repeated application.
The new research focuses on biological nitrification inhibition, where plants naturally release substances that limit microbial processes in the soil. In wheat, these substances belong to a group of compounds called benzoxazinoids. These compounds are already known for their role in plant defense but are now recognized for their ability to slow nitrification.
The study, led by researcher Purna Kumar Khatri at Aarhus University, used hydroponic systems to examine how wheat roots release these compounds. This method allowed scientists to carefully observe root activity without soil interference.
Results showed that certain wheat lines with enhanced traits released higher levels of active compounds. These plants were more effective at slowing nitrification and retaining nitrogen in a usable form.
This finding has important implications for agriculture. Even a small improvement in nitrogen use efficiency can lead to reduced fertilizer needs and lower emissions. In addition, these natural processes provide a steady and targeted approach compared to chemical solutions.
Researchers are now working to apply these findings in crop breeding. Developing wheat varieties with stronger natural nitrogen retention ability could support more sustainable farming systems.
Photo Credit: istock-ligora
Categories: National